汉语词汇理论、词典分词与“词”的认知

Chinese Lexical Theories, Selection-Collection by Dictionary and the Understanding of "Words

汉语言文字研究的语音、语法、词汇、文字等几个主要方面中,"词"的问题最困难,主要是划分"词"的标准问题。词的确定标准,在现有词汇理论方面存在异质因素,每一种标准都很难贯彻到底,表现在词典分词上则更为混乱。其实,"词"是人们对客观事物认知命名的心理现象,划分"词"的标准要循着人们对客观事物认知命名的心理去寻找。造词之初本义理据的整合性为汉语划分"词"提供了正确的标准。

Among the major aspects of phonetics, grammar, lexicology, and character in the study of the Chinese language, the 'word' is the most intricate, which mainly lies in the criterion in determining the 'word'. Such criteria varies in lexical theory and each criterion is hard to find its thorough application. They are all the more confused in selectioncollection by dictionary. As a matter of fact, the 'word' is a human psychological phenomenon in understanding and naming objective beings, and the criterion should be set accordingly. The adjustment of the original meaning of the coinage provides the correct criterion in 'word' dertermination.