五四运动前后马克思主义在中国传播的两个阶段比较研究

Comparative Study on the Two Phases of the Diffuse of Marxism Around the May 4th Movement

从19世纪末马克思主义最初传入中国,到五四运动后形成传播热潮,经历了两个不同的阶段。两个阶段具有其相应的特征。虽然在传入和传播的过程中,关于剩余价值学说、阶级斗争理论和唯物史观等成为译介传播者关注马克思主义的主要内容,但两个阶段仍存在较大的差异。五四运动后,马克思主义的传播发生了具有实质意义的变化,是对早期译介阶段的超越。认识马克思主义传播中国两个阶段的不同,必须从中国社会变革与思潮演进关系的规律上去发掘原因。从社会变革纵贯线的动态眼光审视,斗争武器的载体、仿效目标的视线、指导变革的战略等方面的变化,是五四运动后马克思主义广泛传播得以超越早期译介阶段的历史深层原因。

At the end of the 19th century, Marxism was introduced into China, and after the May 4th Movement, it became very prevalent. In this procedure, the diffuse of Marxism experienced two phases that owned different characteristics. Although in the procedure of its diffuse, the surplus value theory, class struggle and materialistic concept of history formed the main contents, yet there was great difference between the two phases. After the May 4th Movement, the diffuse of Marxism surpassed the phase of translation and introduction, which was a substantial change. To differentiate the two phases, we should study the rule of relation between Chinese social transform and thought evolvement. From the angle of the main thread of the history development, we find that the change of struggling tools, examples to study and transform strategy was the deep historical reason that the diffuse of Marxism surpassed its phase of translation and introduction.