为价值虚无的困境开启道路——希腊化时期从伦理哲学到宗教的转向

Transformation from Ethical Philosophy to Religion during the Greek Period

希腊化时期是个价值虚无主义的时代,这个时期哲学家的思想虽然缺乏创造性和深邃性,但他们却肩负起了为价值虚无的困境开启道路的使命。伊壁鸠鲁幸福主义的伦理学以原子论为基础,探究人生及其终极目的;斯多葛学派的中心思想是以宿命论的伦理学反对伊壁鸠鲁学派的无神论和快乐论;怀疑论者则对希腊哲学的对象、问题、方法进行全面质疑。普罗提诺本体论而非神学的世界结构把本体归结为一个最高的神,启示了基督教教父把"本体"译作神的"位格"(person),并引出上帝"三位一体"的概念,哲学的伦理观念由此转向宗教。

During the Greek period,which showed the characteristic of value nihility,philosophers were short of creativity and profundity.However,they shouldered the mission of opening up a road to the dilemma of value nihility.Epicurus tought that the point of all ones actions was to attain pleasure for oneself,and that the basic constituents of the world are atoms.Stoics'living according to nature'exhorted a person to obey the laws of the universe,which was against Epicurus beliefs;Plotinus believed that the higher part was unchangeable and divine.The highest attainment of the individual soul is,for Plotinus,'likeness to God as far as is possible'.