康有为“学与时异”教育观对其政治思想的影响

The Influence of Kang Youwei's Education Concept on his Political Ideology

作为康有为教育理念和政治思想逻辑起点的"学与时异"观,左右了康氏一生的理论建构与政治行为。导致其一生始终坚持从"经世致用"的立场出发,本着"逆乎常纬"的宗旨,不仅对于世无用的经书文本给予怀疑和否定,并以强烈的批判精神向封建专制挑战,从时代政治的角度对传统的经世之学予以新的解释,将西方文化与中国传统文化做一嫁接,从而建构出一个以"公羊三世说"为核心的政治改良的理论蓝图,一度成为位列中国近代化前沿的政治巨人。但作为今文经学的传人,康有为无法彻底超越经世致用的藩篱,其一切政治宣传终究是以儒家文化为元点的,反对一切过激行为,以三世说为轨迹,导致其一切政治行为的出发点和终结点最终只有回到尊孔与保皇的底线上来,由此而决定了康有为一生只能是兼具维新领袖与尊孔保皇势力代言人的双重身份。

As an exponent of classics in modern script and study of Confucian classics,Kang Youwei cannot transcend the fence of applying classics into practice.It is obvious that all of his political ideas take Confucian theory as a starting point,which makes him oppose all the radical actions,and which determines his dual personality—the leader of political reform and the spokesman for the power of the Confucian worship and the monarch support.