试论中古游仙文学中的女性形象

Mystical Literature and Women Images in the Middle Ancient Times

在中古游仙文学中,女性形象主要有四种类型:母亲型、情人型、女乐型和女仙型。母亲型的形象是西王母,她是传说中的太阴之神,兼管死亡与复活;情人型的形象是作为男性游仙者的追求或被追求者而出现的,其原型较为复杂,可能与迎神巫术、春祭仪式及房中术等有关;女乐型形象的出现可能源于娱神乐舞;女仙型形象指的是作为仙界象征符号而出现女性。

There are varied images of women in the mystical literary works in the middle ancient times. They can be divided into four types: the first type describes typical mothers; the second type portrays lovers, the third type delineates female performers, and the forth type fairy maidens. A study of the images of women is conducive to a better understanding of the profound implications of the mystical literary works.