用空间多样性指数分析辽河三角洲野生动物生境的格局变化

Spatial diversity index analysis on wildlife habitat pattern change in the Liaohe Delta

在利用遥感 (RS)和地理信息系统 (GIS)对辽河三角洲土地覆被变化进行研究的基础上 ,引用空间多样性指数 (Sd)对本区野生动物的生境格局进行了定量描述 ,并分析了其 1988～ 1998年间的生境格局变化 .结果表明 ,研究区野生动物生境格局受人为和自然干扰的双重影响而发生了较明显的变化 ,整体趋势是生境适宜性逐渐降低 ,适宜生境和较适宜生境 (Sd≥ 0 .35 )的面积 10年间减少 76 37hm2 ,且破碎化程度加深 ,在空间上呈现由北向南推进、由东向西压缩之势 ,生境质量呈下降趋势 .同时 ,空间多样性指数能够定量地反映野生动物生境的适宜程度 ,并能直观地描述生境的空间格局 ,为进一步揭示生境格局的变化规律及原因提供了有效措施和依据 。

Based on the study of land cover change in the Liaohe Delta with GIS and RS,the wildlife habitat pattern was described quantitatively,and the pattern change between 1988 and 1998 was analyzed with spatial diversity index. The results showed that the wildlife habitat pattern had an obvious change during the ten years caused by natural and human disturbance. The area of suitable habitat( S d ≥0.35) was becoming smaller and more fragmented,with a deteriorated quality. It was proved that spatial diversity index could reflect the habitat suitability of wildlife,and describe the habitat spatial pattern explicitly. This study would provide a scientific basis for protecting wild animals and their habitats.