西藏和北京异地种植小麦的品质变化

Quality variation of wheat planted in different regions of Tibet and Beijing

1998～ 2 0 0 1年在林芝、日喀则、拉萨、北京布点 ,开展了多品种异地种植的春播和秋播田间联合试验 ,统一检测了籽粒蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、沉降值、降落值、籽粒硬度 5项指标 ,以探讨异地种植的品质变化 ,为西藏发展优质专用小麦提供试验依据 .结果表明 ,不同小麦品种之间以及相同品种不同地点之间 ,品质性状都有差异 ,但地点间差异更大 .经相关分析 ,蛋白质含量分别与湿面筋含量、沉降值、降落值、籽粒硬度呈正相关 .籽粒蛋白质含量可作为小麦品质性状中的一项核心指标 .在相同地点种植 ,内地品种的品质性状参数比西藏品种高 ,西藏品种表现弱筋或中筋小麦特性 ;相同品种在北京种植 ,品质性状参数高于西藏 3试点 .内地品种在西藏种植 ,品质性状参数降低 .在西藏 3试点之间 ,相同品种的品质性状也有差异 .生态高度 (纬度×海拔 )与品种的生育天数呈正相关 .生育天数与蛋白质含量呈负相关 .生态高度又与蛋白质含量呈负相关 .在西藏小麦生产中 ,应以发展中筋小麦为主 ,还可引入一些优良的内地品种 。

In order to supply experimental basis for developing high quality and special use wheat for Tibet,multi varieties experiments in different regions were carried out to study the quality variation of wheat varieties during 1998 to 2001. Field trials of sowing in spring and in autumn were conducted in Linzhi,Rikaze,Lasa and Beijing,and 5 indices including grain protein content,wet gluten content,sedimentation value,falling number and grain hardness were determined. The results showed that the quality characters were significantly different among the varieties,and extremely significant among the sites of same variety. The protein content of grains had a positive correlation to the other 4 indices,and could be a core index in quality characters of wheat. The parameters of quality characters were higher in inland varieties than in Tibet ones,the latter appearing weak or medium gluten,and those of the same varieties were higher in Beijing than in Tibet. When inland varieties were planted in Tibet,the parameters of quality characters would be decreased. The same variety in 3 sites of Tibet had different quality characters. There was a positive correlation between ecological height (latitude×elevation) and growth development duration of varieties,but a negative correlation between growth development duration and protein content,and between ecological height and protein content. Medium gluten varieties should be mainly planted in Tibet,and some good inland varieties could be introduced and planted according to the quality regionalization.