真空中陶瓷绝缘子的沿面闪络现象及其研究进展

Research and development of the surface flashover of ceramic insulators used in vacuum devices

陶瓷绝缘子沿面闪络是制约电真空器件绝缘性能、影响设备正常运行的关键因素之一。本文介绍了关于真空中陶瓷绝缘子沿面闪络物理机制的各种假说,着重阐述了二次电子发射雪崩理论,分析了影响陶瓷绝缘子闪络电压的各种因素,提出了从陶瓷材料角度提高闪络电压的方向,总结了绝缘子沿面闪络现象的研究现状,展望了今后的研究方向与发展趋势。

Surface flashover of ceramic insulators used in vacuum devices restricts the insulating properties of the vacuum devices. In this paper, several hypotheses concerning the mechanism of insulator surface flashover in vacuum uses were introduced. Especially, the theory of SEEA (secondary electron emission avalanche) was described in details. Meanwhile, the factors which affect the flashover voltage of ceramic insulators were analyzed, the methods for improving the hold-off voltage were recommended from the insulating material point of view, the studies on surface flashover of insulators are reviewed, and the research work in this area in the future was proposed.