《汉穆拉比法典》与《十二铜表法》比较论略

A Comparison Between"Hanmorabi Code"and"Twelve Copper Code

《汉穆拉比法典》是古巴比伦王国汉穆拉比国王制定并颁布的,是古代东方奴隶制国家的法典,也是世界古代著名的法典。《十二铜表法》是古罗马共和时代前期的法典,也是世界"古代法"中最著名的法典之一。《汉穆拉比法典》与《十二铜表法》不仅作为奴隶社会的法律制度而存在,而且在法律文化上都处于起源、初创阶段,基本上都是从习惯法过渡到成文法阶段。因此,二部法典具有若干本质性的共性特点,诸如具有宗教性质;保留氏族制残余;阶级属性鲜明等。古巴比伦奴隶制与古罗马奴隶制有所不同,两者的经济基础不太一样,建筑在不同经济基础上的法律文化,各有特色。古巴比伦的法律文化带有农业文化色彩,古罗马的法律文化却有较多的工商文化色泽。二部法典具有不同的法律文化特点。其一,法律的规范程度不同。其二,重视民主权程度不同。其三,法律的价值取向不同。

Formulated and issued by king Hanmorabi of ancient Ba bylon kingdom,Hanmorabi Code is the one for easten ancient slavery countries and world famous in ancient times.'Twele Copper Code',one of the most well-kmowm'ancient codes'in the world,refers to the code of early ancient Roman republic an period.Both not only served as slavery sociery's legal system,but were basica lly in the transitional stage from custonary law to statue alw during the origin al and early rhase of the legal culture.Therefore.they share several essential c ommon features such as religious quality,remains of clan system and distinct cla ss divisions,etc.Teh slavery syeren in ancient Babylon is different from thar in anciemt Rome.They are different legal cultures based on different economy.The F ormer is characterizde by its agricultural culture while the latter is mainly ma rked by its commercial culture.The two codes bear different features of legal cu lture;fifstly,different legal standard,secondly,different attitude towards democ racy and civil rights,thirdly,different legal value ofientation.