乡村林业的发展及其意义

Development and Significance of Community Forestry

乡村林业(或称社会林业)是发展中国家发展林业的一种重要模式.文章介绍了一些发展中国家在施行乡村林业方面所做的努力及取得的成效.中国发展乡村林业历史悠久,文章通过介绍几种典型的乡村林业模式,论述了中国乡村林业的发展概况.作者认为,中国的乡村林业实践已取得了丰富的经验,在中国推行乡村林业前景广阔.

Community forestry is an important way for forest development in the devel-oping countries. After discarding the narrow view of 'Stressing forestry where forests ex-ist' and 'Discusing forestry on reason of its own', it promotes the development of ru-ral forestry. The key points are the guidance of govemment, formulation of aprogram, and the organization set up by farmers themselves. At the same time itstresses researches on the method of preparing a development program for communityforestry that can adapt itself to the objective shifting and on the feasibility of theprogram. It stresses expansibility of the foundation of forest management and organiza-tion, strengthening the agroforestry education and training, and population and ex-tension or forest science and technology. Now community forestry is thriving in the de-veloping countries, especially in countries in southeast Asia. Community forestry isbased on natural geographical conditions and particular conditions of these countriesand the forests therein. Community forestry in each country has its own characteristiesand lays emphasis on different aspects. India is one of the earliest countries that developsa community forestry (social forestry). Thc main pattern of community forestryadopted by Thailand is to build up forest villages. In South Korea, community forestryowes its development to community activities. China has a long history of communityforestry. In ancient China farm crops were intercropped with trees, and a system of household gardens was developed. In recent years, community forestry in China hashad new modes and new contents. At Taoyuan County in Hunan Province. the patternof community forestry is a combination of collective woodlots, townthip enterprise andhousehold forestry, the tendency being a pattern of overall development of hills, riv-ers, fields, villages and roads. In the Yi Meng mountain areas in Shandong Province.intergrated management is adopted to develop community forestry. At ShuangpaiCounty in Hunan Province, a unified development pattern of forestry. science andteaching is adopted.