从少数民族语言看词语分类的差异

The Differentiation of Words and it's Meaning in the Languages of Ethnic Minorities

各种语言的词汇系统在事物(包括行为、性质、状态)的分类以及抽象概括上往往都有内涵和外延上的差异。本文以汉语为参照,主要参考《中国少数民族语言志丛书》,从共时层面对我国少数民族语言中的一些基本词进行对比分析。从大量的语料当中,我们可以看出,由于人们对现实事物(包括行为、性质、状态)有认识程度和角度上的差异,各种语言相应的词汇场中词的多少、义域的大小是不一样的。不同的社会和生活环境产生了种种不同的需要,因此词的分类差异与人们的需要紧密联系在一起。

The classification and generalization of words will be different in denotative meanings and connotative meanings.The present essay compares and analyzes some basic words synchronically in the languages of ethnic minorities.From abundant language material,we can see:because of it is different in the degree or angle of understanding,the number of words for composing a certain conceptual field is not the same.Different societies and living environments produce various needs,so the differentiation of classification is closely related with the needs of people.