稻田生态系统中杂草地捕食性节肢动物群落研究

The communities of predatory arthropods in weed habitats in rice ecosystems

采用吸虫器法采样 ,对稻田生态系统中杂草地捕食性节肢动物天敌群落物种多样性、结构动态等进行了系统的研究。在杂草地生境中采集到 73种捕食性节肢动物 ,其中 5 5种为捕食性蜘蛛 ,18种为捕食性昆虫。在冬春闲期 ,杂草地生境的捕食性节肢动物物种多样性和单位面积内的个体数量较高。水稻移栽后 ,杂草地中的捕食性节肢动物种群迁进稻田 ,为稻田提供天敌移居者 ,杂草地生境中的捕食性天敌物种数减少 ,单位面积内的个体数量降低 ;水稻成熟后、夏闲期始及冬闲期始 ,杂草地接纳从稻田中迁出的天敌种群 ,捕食性天敌物种数和单位面积内的个体数量呈上升趋势。杂草地为保护稻田捕食性天敌 ,提供了一个良好的庇难所。

The dynamics of species diversity and the structure of the communities of predatory arthropods in weed habitats in rice ecosystems were studied with suction sampler. 73 species of predators, which consisted of 55 species of spiders and 18 species of predatory insects, were captured. The species richness and individual numbers in an unit area of predatory arthropods in weed habitats were more when the fields were fallow during winter-springtime. Providing migrators for the rice fields, the populations of predatory arthropods in weed habitats migrate to the rice fields after seedlings transplanted, and then both the species richness and the numbers of individuals in an unit area of predatory natural enemies in the weed habitats all decreased. However, it accepted immigrators from the rice fields after rice maturation and at the beginning of both summer and winter fallows, and then both the species richness and the numbers of individuals in an unit area of predatory natural enemies in the weed habitats all increased. As a good refuge, the communities of predatory arthropods in weed habitats was one of the main species pools of reestablishment the communities of predatory arthropods in rice fields.