人类德性结构及其图式的探析

On the structure of human moral character and its schemata

人类德性的结构及其存在图式是伦理思想史上一个未予充分探究的基础性问题。“德性”同“道德”、“人性”既有联系又有区别 ,“德性”是“道德”及“人性”内部构成中的一部分 ,包括人们面对社会外在规范加以个体道德价值选择与修养的各种或然状态 ,其本质是人们在社会生活实践效能状态中所体现的处理人际 (或自我 )利益关系的或善或恶或中的倾向性。由于人类的德性倾向限制在“善性、恶性、中性”三者之中 ,因而 ,德性的整体结构也就是由这三者所组成。在人类生活实践中 。

The human moral structure and shemata are the basic ma tter that is hardly probed into through the history of ethical ideology. The mor al character has association with and distinction from morals and humanity. It i s a part of the inner composition of morals and humanity, including various unce rtain states of the people's moral value choices and accomplishments when their conducts are governed by the social norms. Its nature is that the people show t he trend of the good or the evil or the mean in their social practice when they deal with the interpersonal interest relations. Because the tendency of the hum an moral character may be dominated by the good or evil or mean character, the e ntire structure consists of these parts. In the human practice, the structure o f the moral character generally take the forms of five schemata.