中国城市哮喘儿童治疗现状及与10年前比较

Comparative study on the current status of treatment with 10 years before in children with asthma living in the Chinese cities

通过2000年与1990年儿童哮喘情况的调查,比较0～14岁哮喘儿童治疗状况的变化。采用整群抽样法,以省为单位抽取1～2个有代表性的城市,样本量5000～10000人。对以问卷方式筛选出的可疑患者,再详细询问病史,进行查体和肺功能等检查明确诊断。结果显示,2000年与1990年相比,除脱敏及抗过敏治疗使用率无明显变化外,哮喘患儿抗生素、支气管扩张剂、全身性激素、抗过敏药及免疫调节剂的使用率均有显著增加;吸入激素治疗10年前几乎没有应用,现在使用率为37.1％;2000年抗生素使用率达97％以上。提示哮喘儿童的治疗状况有了很大改善,但有些地区哮喘的治疗状况仍有待提高,还需进一步避免抗生素的不合理应用。

To compare the difference of the treatment in children with asthma aged from 0-14 years old in 1990's and 2000 year through the nationwide survey, with population based sampling method, 5 000-10 000 children were enrolled from 1 - 2 representative cities in each province. The suspected children were sorted out with the questionnaire, then followed by the detailed case history inquiry, physical examination and lung function test to confirm the diagnosis.The results showed that in comparing the 2000 year' s treatment measures with the 1990' s, no significant difference could be found in the application rate for desensitization and antisensitization treatment. But, the application rate for antibiotics, bronchodilator, systemic usage of corticorsteroids, antisensitization drugs and immunofunction modulators was significantly increased. The corticorsteroid inhalation was rarely used 10 years before, but now, it's application rate has reached 37% while the antibiotics application rate also has increased to over 97% in children with asthma, suggesting that the quality of the treatment in children with asthma has been greatly improved in last 10 years, but still need to be improved in some area with further avoiding the inappropriate application of antibiotics.