文艺学的问题意识与文化转向

The Awareness of Questions and Cultural Turn in Study of Literature and Art

在社会转型与范式转换的特定历史时期,文艺学面临的首要问题是关于问题的问题。阐释学的问题意识表明任何一个解释者都必然以一种前理解状态或前理解构架进入理解与研究。文学解释学对问题的首要性的认识则表现为对文学范式的高度关注和依赖。每一理解都是向文学对象提出问题,抛出问题,是理解主体(前理解)向对象的一种抛掷、投射和设计。世纪之交的文学发生了从语言论转向到文化的转向。这是社会实践向我们提出了新的问题和问题群,这种变化源于当代社会生活的转型,也是文学自身内部要素运动的结果。文学必须重新审视原有的文学对象,越过传统的边界,对文化的转向做出新的更为合理的阐释。

In the historical period of social and paradigmatic turns, the primary questions confronting Study of Literature and Art are on the questions of questions. Hermeneutically, the awareness of questions indicates that any interpreters must enter understanding and research only from preunderstanding state or framework. In literary hermeneutics, the recognition of primacy of questions can manifest itself in high focus and dependency on literary paradigm. Each understanding, intending to pose and throw questions to literary object is a throwing, projection and design to object by subject (preunderstanding). Now, the centurycross literature has turned from linguistics to culture, which poses new questions and questions ingroup in the social life, originates from the turns of current social life and results from movements of major elements of literature itself. Literature must reexamine the traditional literary objects and cross the conventional literary boundary so that it can newly and more reasonably interpret cultural turn.