绿洲环境形成机制和干旱区生态环境建设对策

Forming Mechanism of Oasis Environment and Building Countermeasure of Ecological Environment in Arid Area

绿洲生态环境建设对我国西北干旱地区的经济可持续发展有着特殊的战略意义。本文总结了绿洲小气候的一系列研究结果。根据绿洲小气候的形成机制和绿洲稳定性状态,提出了我国西北干旱区生态环境建设对策及提高绿洲的稳定性和抗干扰能力的建议。指出绿洲生态环境保护和建设对策应充分利用绿洲冷岛效应小气候特点,把有限的水资源与丰富的光热资源结合起来,发展独特的气候生态类型。对于不同稳定状态绿洲生态环境建设应采取不同对策。并指出良性绿洲生态环境建设应发展耐旱喜阳生态农业,提高水资源利用效率;低效绿洲生态环境建设应尽量调整绿洲格局,将破碎绿洲连通成片,力图减小晒衣绳效应;"退化绿洲"生态环境建设的对策是在足够水资源供给的条件下修复生态系统,限制地下水开采和农牧业的发展,抑制生态系统的进一步恶化。

The build of oasis ecological environment has special important stratagem signification for the sustainable economy development in northwest China region. This paper reviews a series of the research results about the oasis microclimate. Based on the forming mechanism of oasis microclimate and the stability of oasis, we bring forward building of countermeasure the ecological environment in northwest arid area of our country and enhancing the oasis stability and antijamming ability. The paper indicate that protecting and building oasis ecological environment should use fully the microclimate characteristics of oasis cold island effect to develop inimitable climate ecology style with the limited water resource and the abundant solar heat resource. The oasis environment build should adopt distinct countermeasure for ecological environment with distinct oasis stability. The ecology build of wellrun oasis should develop the ecological agriculture with more drought resistant and temperatureenjoying crops to enhance the efficiency and make the full of use of water resource. The low efficiency oasis should adjust the oasis structure as much as possible, and link the patch oases as unit unity and try hard to minish the clothesline effect. The countermeasure of ecological environment build for the degenerate oasis should rehabilitate the ecosystem under the condition of enough supplying the water resource, and should restrict the exploitation of groundwater, the development of the agriculture and the animal husbandry to restrain more degeneration of the ecosystem.