江苏省部分优秀投掷运动员运动损伤调查

Investigation on Sports Injury of Some Elite Throwers in Jiangsu Province

对国家女子投掷人才基地南通组16名现役优秀运动员进行了运动损伤调查。结果表明,优秀投掷运动员的受伤多发部位依次为膝、肩、手和腹。多发伤种与项目有关:推铅球易致肩袖伤、掌指关节扭伤、膝创伤筋膜炎;掷铁饼易致髌骨软骨病;投标枪易致肩袖伤、半月板损伤;掷链球易致腹外斜肌拉伤。局部运动负荷过大、技术动作不正确和身体疲劳是造成运动损伤的主要原因。科学安排训练和竞赛,注重对运动员的技术训练和技术诊断,加强对膝、肩等受伤多发部位的保护,提高对急性损伤的诊治水平,建立、健全运动员医疗制度和康复制度,对于预防投掷运动损伤和提高治疗效果具有积极作用。

In this article,the author investigates the sports injury of 16 elite female throwers that belong to national women throw talent base.The result shows that the frequently occurring injured places of elite throwers are knees,shoulders,hands and abdomen in turn.It relates with the events,such as shoulder sleeve,the palm fingers joints sprained and tendon velamen inflammation of knee injured for shot put,patella rickets for discus,shoulder sleeve and meniscus injured for javelin,slanting muscle pull of outer abdomen for hammer.The main reason that causes the sports injury is the overload on local muscle,incorrect technical movement and body fatigue.In order to prevent the sports injury and improve the effect of treatment,it is necessary to arrange training and competition scientifically,pay attention to protection on frequently occurring places such as knees and shoulders,improve the treatment on acute injury,establish and perfect medical and recovery system for athletes.