3种游泳出发技术的运动学分析

Kinematical Analysis on Three Types of Start Techniques in Swimming

重点描述20世纪90年代后出现的后摆蹲踞式游泳出发技术,并与现在常用的前倾蹲踞式和前抓台式游泳出发技术进行比较。运用生物力学测试方法,使用超微摄像机对8名优秀女游泳运动员进行定点拍摄,通过对3种游泳出发技术的录像进行解析来比较研究它们的部分运动学特征,得出这3种游泳出发技术的特点。研究结果表明:后摆蹲踞式出发技术较前倾蹲踞式和前抓台式出发技术稳定性高;后摆蹲踞式出发技术较前倾蹲踞式和前抓台式出发技术离台水平速度大,手的拉台效果明显,但滞台时间也较长;后摆蹲踞式出发技术的台上预备姿势重心投影点距出发台前沿较前倾蹲踞式和前抓台式出发技术靠后,不利于快速起动。对3种游泳出发技术的综合评价表明,后摆蹲踞式游泳出发技术有利因素较多。

This paper characterizes and compares the slingshot track start,the track start and grab start for ventral swimming races,especially focusing on slingshot track start which appears in the last decade of twenty century.With the aid of biomechanical testing method and highvideo camera,8 elite female swimmers are measured.Through comparing some kinematical characteristics of three type of start technique,some technical characteristics are found out.The result shows that the posture on starting block of slingshot track start has higher stability than track start and grab start.The slingshot track start is able to produce higher velocity and it also implies higher periods on starting block,meanwhile the function of hands is more benefit to velocity.The center gravity projected of slingshot track start is further from the front of starting block than track start and grab start,which is not benefit to quick move.The slingshot track start is regarded to be a better start style through comprehensive evaluation.