台湾有机农业的现况

Organic Farming in Taiwan

有机农业之定义宽严界定因人而异,自完全自然放任的生态平衡农业耕作方式至不施用化学肥料及农业药剂或有限使用化学肥料与农业药剂的农耕方式。主要在倡导自然界物质之循环利用,维护生态,节省能源,减少污染,土地之永续利用,生产安全健康的农产品。可与宗教、生态保护、农药受害、地力维持、祈求安全食品者相结合发展。基于此种观点,在省中、南部设置相关试区,测试有机农法理念在台湾地区进行之可能性,包括利用轮作,间作,生物防治及微生物肥料于耕作中。综合目前试验成果显示,有机农耕法作物产量渐与惯行法相近,或略为增产。产品风味佳但外型与色泽差。病虫害与杂草量仍高于惯行农耕法。使用大量厩肥而改善土壤理化性质,增进土壤微生物活性,但造成部分元素聚积。台茶12号于有机农法下之产量优于惯行农法。共荣作物相互间作有利亦有害。发展农家自制堆肥有助有机农业之发展。为发展台湾有机农业或折衷式有机农业以满足多元消费者与生产者之需。

The definitions of organic farming are diversitied based on the principles emphasized. In general, organic farming system are a range of technological and management options used on farms striving to reutilize natural resources, protect ecological environment, conserve energy, reduce pollution, maintain soil productivity, and produce safety and healthy crops. Therefore, the practices including crop rotation, intercropping, biological protection, and microbial fertilizers were used to some experimental fields located in the middle and the southern parts of Taiwan, in order to investigate the suitability of the system.The combined results showed that (1)the yield and qualities of crops in the field under organic system were similar or a little superior, but the apparent exhibition was worse than, and the number of pests diseases and weeds were higher than, those in the fieds under conventional system; (2)the physical and chemical properties as well as microbial activities in the soils were improved by applying high dose of composts, however, some elements were also found to be accumulated; (3)both beneficial and harmful effects were found intercropping by various crops. Synergistic crops on intercropping system must be established and (4)encourage farmers to make composts will be good for developing organic farming system.Some extension words were described in developing a successful organic farming or and alternative organic farming system in Taiwan to satisfy the needs of consumers and producers.