符合生态工法之林道植生工程技术

Vegetation Engineering on Forest Road According with Ecological Engineering

"生态工法"是以生态学为基础的应用概念,是将生物学及地域生态学的知识活用于构造物的建设或保全上的技术。生态工法主要是利用水、土石、植物等自然性素材为基础,建造能达成自然保全或改善景观机能的构造物,其功能有助于复原被破坏的自然环境,同时对地域景观的改善也有帮助。植生工程(Vegetationengineering)以植生被覆为主要目的,辅以工程方法,用以防止地表冲蚀、浅层崩坍、涵养水源、减少洪害、美化景观。此种方法之优点不仅美化景观,并兼具安全上的考量。例如,植物可吸收水分,降低坡体内的孔隙水压;其根系且可握裹土壤,防止坡体的滑动,并可降低水流的冲蚀;绿色的植物可减少驾驶者眼睛疲劳,避免事故发生。常用林道植生工程技术归类如下:自然恢复法、打桩编栅法、坡面喷植工法、箱(蛇)笼堆叠植生工法、格笼挡土墙植生工法、自由型框植生工法、加劲挡土墙植生工法。

The term,'ecological engineering', was first coined by Howard T. Odum in 1962. Ecological engineering is 'those cases where the energy supplied by man is small relative to the natural sources but sufficient to produce large effects in the resulting patterns and processes.' (H.T. Odum, 1962).Ecological engineering combines basic and applied science from engineering, ecology, economics, and natural sciences for the restoration and construction of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Without road access most of the production of a forest would not be available. The construction of a forest road has the most potential of any forest harvesting operation to cause damage to the amenity and environment of the forest and, yet, is a most essential part of the strategic and tactical harvesting and other forest operations. The author suggests ways of vegetation engineering techniques in which the effect can be reduced and environmental benefits could be obtained. Ensuring that roadside slopes become revegetated as soon as possible after construction. Low, shrubby vegetation or grass is preferable to fastgrowing trees for this purpose since the latter will shade the road surface and prevent it from drying out after rainy periods. 