西藏昌都地区水土流失治理方略探讨

Discussion on Strategy of Soil and Water Loss Control in Changdu Area, Tibet

昌都地区地处横断山区的金沙江、澜沧江、怒江的中上游,平均海拔3500m以上,地貌的基本形态分属高山和高原。牧草地是本区最重要的土地利用类型之一,但全地区坡耕地37819.7hm2,这些坡耕地由于水热条件、耕层和坡度限制,不仅产量低,绝大多数属靠天吃饭的望天地,抗御自然灾害的能力极为低下,同时都处于生态脆弱地带,极易造成水土流失,如果继续耕作,将会给生态环境带来不可估量的破坏。同时,昌都地区也是典型的"江河源"、"生态源",这里的生态植被一旦被破坏,水土流失将更加严重,也更不易恢复。因此,进行以草地生态保护和建设为主体的牧区退耕还林还草工程建设对发展牧业生产和保护环境具有十分重要的意义。

Changdu area is very important for its geographical position. Its average altitude is above 3 500 m.Alp and tableland are the basic physiognomy. Grassland is one of the most important landuse types in this area. But the cultivated land holding 37 819.7 hm2 has many disadvantages suchas low production, weak resistance to natural calamity due to the limits of its waterheat condition, cultivated layer and slope. It is vulnerable to soil erosion. The losses will be beyond measure if cultivated continuously. Furthermore, Changdu area is the typical 'river source' and'ecology source'. Once the balance is destroyed, soil erosion will be more serious and the vegetation cannot recover. So carrying out the project of returning farmland to forest and grassland is very significant to develop the animal husbandry and protect the environment. 