熊蜂对番茄常用农药的敏感性

SENSITIVITIES OF BUMBLEBEES TO SOME PESTICIDES COMMONLY APPLIED TO TOMATO

用触杀和残毒试验的方法 ,测定了番茄生产中常用的 1 0种杀菌剂和 1 1种杀虫剂对欧洲熊蜂(Bombusterrestris)的毒性。触杀试验结果表明 :(1 )杀菌剂对熊蜂也具有杀伤作用 ,但其致死作用明显低于杀虫剂。 (2 )在供试的杀菌剂中 ,以 6 2 .2 %仙生 (myclobutanil mancozebl)可湿性粉剂和 4 0 %百可得 (iminoctadinetris)可湿性粉剂对熊蜂的毒害比较明显 ;其次为 4 0 %福星 (flusilazole)乳油、5 0 %多菌灵 (carbendazim)可湿性粉剂、5 0 %速克灵 (procymidone)可湿性粉剂、4 0 %达科宁 (chlorothalonil)悬浮剂、5 0 %扑海因 (iprodione)可湿性粉剂、80 %大生(mancozeb)可湿性粉剂等 ;5 8%的雷多米尔 (metalaxyl mancozeb)可湿性粉剂和 6 4 %杀毒矾 (oxadixyl mancozeb)可湿性粉剂对熊蜂的毒害作用最低。 (3)杀虫剂对熊蜂的毒害比较明显 ,2 0 %米满 (tebufenozide)悬浮剂、5 %抑太保(chlorfluazuron)乳油、5 0 %阿波罗 (clofentezine)悬浮剂的毒性较低 ;而 5 %锐劲特 (fipronil)悬浮剂、1 0 %一遍净 (imi dacloprid)可湿性粉剂、4 8%乐斯本 (chlorpyrifos)乳油的毒性较高 ;2 5 %扑虱灵 (buprofezin)可湿性粉剂、1 0 %除尽(chlorfenapyr)乳油、1 .8%害极灭 (abamectin)乳油、2 0 %喹硫磷 (quinalphos)乳油。

Selective toxicities of 10 fungicides and 11 insecticides to a bumblebee (Bombus terrestris) were determined in a laboratory.Fungicides were harmful to the bumblebees, but their toxicity was much lower than that of the insecticides. Of the 10 fungicides, the toxicity of 58% Ridomil MZ (metalaxyl mancozeb) wp and 64% Sandofan M8 (oxadixyl mancozeb) wp was the lowest, the toxicity of 40% FuXian (flusilazole) EC, 50% Sumilex (procymidone) wp, 80%Dithane M 45 (mancozeb) wp and so on was lower, 62.2% Gana (myclobutanil mancozebl) wp and 40% Bellkute (iminoctadine tris) wp had obvious toxicity to the bumblebees, causing the bumblebee mortality of over 30% at 7 days after application. All the tested insecticides were obviously harmful to the bumblebees. 5% Regent (fipronil) SC,10% Yibianjing (imidacloprid) wp and 48%Lorsban (chlorpyrifos) EC had higher toxicity, and the bumblebee mortality was over 90% at 2 daysafter application. 20% Mimic (tebufenozide) SC, 5% Atabron (chlorfluazuron) EC and 50% Apollo (clofentezine) SC had slightly low toxicity,and the mortality was about 15% at 7 days after application.Other insecticides such as 25% Applaud (buprofezin) WP,10%ChuJin (chlorfenapyr) EC,1.8% Agrimec(abamectin) EC,20% Kui LiuLin (quinalphos) EC and 2.5% Talstar (bifenthrin) EC were in middle,causing the mortality of 30%～80% at 7 days after application. For 10% Yibianjing (imidacloprid) wp, about 50 days’ interval was needed before introducing the bumblebees again after sprinkling. For 2.5% Talstar (bifenthrin) EC, 10 days’interval was needed and for 1.8% Agrimec (abamectin) EC, only about 3 days was needed.