黑龙江省胜山林场冬季驼鹿、马鹿和狍的种间关系

INTERSPECIFIC RELATIONSHIPS AMONG THE MOOSE, RED DEER AND ROE DEER IN WINTER

1987—1989年的两个冬季在黑龙江省黑河市胜山林场,对驼鹿、马鹿和狍的食性、采食高度和栖息地进行了研究。驼鹿的主要食物是柳(22.4％)、榛(16.0％)、红松(14.3％)和桦(13.8％);马鹿为杨(36.0％)、桦(22.7％)和红松(17.3％);狍为桦(26.5％)、柳(19.0％)、杨(12.7％)。三种动物采食高度的频次为正态分布。驼鹿的采食高度(标准差)为137.4(±39.0)厘米;马鹿为136.2(±37.0)厘米;狍为84.2(±29.2)厘米。驼鹿和马鹿对红松林的利用程度最高,而狍主要利用沼泽植物和红松林。驼鹿与狍在食物维和栖息地维上的生态位重叠最大,驼鹿与马鹿在采食高度维上的重叠最大。三种动物在食物、采食高度和栖息地三维生态位上的重叠大小的顺序为:驼鹿和马鹿>驼鹿和狍>马鹿和狍。

The food-habits, foraging heights and habitats of moose, red deer and roe deer were investigated in winter from 1987 to 1989 on Shengshan forestry farm, Heihe city. The staple foods of moose were Salix spp., Corylus spp., Pinus koraiensis and Betula spp. (22.4%, 16.0%, 14.3%, 13.8% in its diets respectively). Those of red deer and roe deer were Populus spp., Betula spp. , Pinus koraiensis (36.0% , 22.7% , 17.3%) and Betula spp., Salix spp., Populus spp. (26.5%, 19.0%, 12.7%) respectively. Statistically, the foraging heights of three species were normally distributed with the means (standard deviations) of 137.4(39.0) cm (moose), 136.2(37.0)cm (red deer) and 84.2(29.2)cm (roe deer). Moose and red deer mostly use korean pine forest , and roe deer mainly use marsh and korean pine forest. Moose and roe deer in food niche and habitat niche dimension, moose and red deer in foraging height niche dimension are the greatest overlap. These species were arranged in order of overlap in three niche dimension of food, foraging height and habitat as follows:moose and red deer > moose and roe deer > red deer and roe deer.