不同品系鸡血浆转铁蛋白、血红蛋白和红细胞酯酶D多态性研究　

Studies of the Plasma Transferrin, Haemoglobin and Erythrocyte Esterase-D polymorphisms of Various Strains of Chicken

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶等电聚焦电泳法测定了6个品系鸡的血浆转铁蛋白(Tf)、血红蛋白(Hb)和红细胞酯酶D(EsD)的遗传多态性.转铁蛋白出现5种表型,受Tf^A、Tf^B、TP^C3个共显性等位基因控制;血红蛋白出现5种表型,受Hb^F、Hb^(M1)、Hb^(M2)3个共显性等位基因控制;红细胞酯酶D出现5种表型,受EsD^1、EsD^2、EsD^3、EsD^4、EsD^55个共显性等位基因控制.各品系鸡之间的Tf、Hb、EsD的基因频率是不同的.根据基因频率计算遗传距离并用类平均法进行聚类分析.3种肉用鸡中艾维茵和塔特姆亲缘关系最近,罗斯褐鸡与3种肉用鸡亲缘关系较近,而与其它蛋用型鸡亲缘关系较远.

The polymorphisms in plasma transferrin (If), haemoglobin (Hb) and erythro-cyte esterase-D (EsD) of 6 strains of chicken (layers: Ross Brown, Starcross 288, Starcross 579; broilers: Avian, Tatum, Indian River) were determined by means of isoelectrofocusing in polyacrylamide gel. Five transferrin phenotypes controlled by three codominant alleles TfA, tfB, and Tfc, five haemoglobin phenotypes controlled by three codominant alleles HbF, HbM1 and HbM2 and five erythrocyte estarase-D phenotypes controlled by five codiminant alleles EsD1, EsD2, EsD3, EsD4 and EsD5 were recognized. The genetic distances among these six strains of chicken were calculated based on the frequencies of genes on the Tf, Hb and EsD loci. The cluster analysis of the relationships was made as a dendrogram to show the similarities among them. The relationships between the broiler chicken of Avian strain and Tatum are most intimate and those among the three strains of broiler chicken (Avian, Tatum and Indian River) and layer Ross Brown strain are more intimate, whereas those between Ross Brown strain and the other two strains of layer are distant.