福建省12年间流行性脑脊髓膜炎流行病学特征分析

ANALYSIS OF EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS ON EPIDEMIC CEREBROSPINAL MENINGITIS IN FUJIAN PROVINCE IN RECENT 12 YEARS

目的 :了解福建省近 12年来流脑的流行特点和趋势 ,为制订预防措施提供依据。方法 :对历年疫情资料用 EX-CEL建立数据库 ,采用 SPSS10 .5软件包进行统计分析。结果 :我省自上世纪 80年代推广使用 A群流脑菌苗以来 ,流脑流行的周期性被打破 ,流脑的发病率呈逐年下降的趋势 ,1990～ 2 0 0 1年全省发病 163 5例 ,死亡 12 2例 ,发病率在 0 .0 3 /10万～1.2 3 /10万之间 ,疫情平稳 ,均以散发为主 ,大多数病例分布在山区和边远的农村 ,除厦门外 ,各地市的发病率差别不大 ,发病分布无明显地区差异。流脑的发病主要集中在 2～ 4月份 ,年龄以 14岁以下为主 ,以散居儿童的病死率最高。结论 :加强菌群监测及疫情预测预报 ,切实做好流脑多糖体菌苗的预防接种和应急免疫工作 。

Objective:To provide the evidence of drawing pr eventive measures by ex ploring the epidemic characteristic and tendency of epidemic cerebrospinal menin gitis during recent twelve years in Fujian province Methods:Da ta were input us ing EXCEL and analysed using SPSS 10 5 of windows Result:Epid emic periodicity of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis has been destroyed since 1980s when N me ningtidis A was u sed popularly in Fujian The incidence rate of epidemic cerebros p inal meningitis descends year by year Fujian has reported 1635 cases including 12 2 deaths from 1990 to 2001 The incidence rate of epidemic cerebrospinal mening itis i s between 0 03/10 5 and 1 23/10 5,and the epidemic situation has been steady during recen t twelve years A majority of cases were distributed in the mount aino us areas and the remote rural areas.There were not signi ficant differences among incidence of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis in different areas excep t Xia men The disease distribution is not obviously different in different are as in Fujian A large majority of cases occured in population under 14 years old b etween February and April every year. The fatality rate of disperse children is the highest one of all Conclusion: Enhance of the serogroup surveillance and the forecast of epidemic situation, ensure of routine preventive vaccination and emergent p reventive vaccination play important roles It is signifi c ant to controll the occurrences and epidemics of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis