牙克石地区雏鸭霉高粱中毒的病因研究

Studies on Aetiology of Feed Poisoning of Ducklings Caused by Eating Mouldy Husked Gaoliang (Chinese Sorghum) in Yakeshi area

1985年5月,内蒙古牙克石市某个体养鸭户饲养的5010只雏鸭在1个月内相继发病死亡.病鸭主要表现食欲减退,增重缓慢,拱背,腹泻,抽搐,卧地不起等.剖检,肝脏呈土黄色,心肌变性,胆囊胀满.通过流行病学调查、真菌分离与鉴定以及动物接种试验等,确认为霉高粱中毒,其致病真菌是扩展青霉(Penicillium expansum Tink)和鲜绿青霉(Peniciliumviridicatum Westling).

In 1985, An outbreak of feed poisoning of ducklings caused by eating mouldy husked gaoling (Chinese sorghum) occurred in a private duck farm in Yakeshi area. 5030 ducklings were killed in this feeding accident within a month. The affected ducklings became manifest by anorexia, mental depression, diarrhea and twitch, dropped to the ground and were unable to rise, and all terminated in death. Necropsy revealed myocardial degeneration, accumulation of abundant amount of blood and clots in heart; liver became yellowish brown and in which there were local and diffusive fatty degenerations; gallbladder dilatated and was full of bile; there was large amount of gas in intestines and the intestinal wall became thin. The cultivation of suspected mouldy husked gaoliang was made on Czapek's medium and potato-dextrose medium for isolating the offender fungi, and two dominant fungus cultures were obtained. These cultures were identified as PeniciUium expansum Link and PeniciUium viridicatum Westling by Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Science. Oral infection of ducklings was conducted with feed containing the isolated fungus cultures. The results demonstrated that the experimental birds that fed on ration with cultures of PeniciUium expansum or mixed cultures of Penicillium expansum and Penicillium viridicatum were ill and dying, while those that fed on feed with cultures of Penicillium viridicatum survived.