流域治理效益的环境经济学分析方法

Approach to the Environmental Economics Analysis of Benefit from Watershed Management

流域治理效益不仅包括有效实物产出价值,而且更多地表现为一种环境资源价值。前者主要包括经济作物、林业、畜牧业和水产养殖业等增加的产值;后者主要是通过流域治理可以涵养水源、保护土地资源、固碳制氧转化太阳能、防风固沙、减免山洪等自然灾害、减少泥沙淤积和保护生物多样性等改善生态环境,改善人类生存环境、促进各项产业发展等社会环境资源价值。基于劳动价值论、边际效用价值论和市场价值论等经济理论,用市场价值法、恢复费用法和影子工程法等建立了流域治理效益价值评估的指标体系和生态环境价值分析计算方法,为流域治理效益的价值评估建立了基础。

It is thought that the benefit from watershed management not only includes the value of efficient output in practicality, but also shows as the value of environmental resource much more, the former mainly includes increments of production value from economic crops, forestry, animal husbandry and aquiculture, the latter refers to the values in improvement of ecological environment resource through watershed management, such as water conservation, protection of land resource, carbon fixation and oxygen production as well as transformation of solar energy, wind prevention and desertification control, reduction of natural disasters like flood, decrease of sediment deposition and protection of biodiversity , and the values of social environment resource in the aspects of survival environment improvement and advancement of properties development, etc. Based on the theories of value from labor, boundary effects and that of market value, the index system of value for watershed management benefit and methods to calculate the value of ecological environment were developed using the ways of market value, cost for recovery and shadow engineering. It sets up base for the valuation of benefit from watershed management.