论法律选择中的例外条款

On the Exception Clause in Choice of Law

传统冲突法在理论预设、选法依据、价值目标、运作机制等方面的自我完善为例外条款的产生提供了基础。例外条款是双边法律选择灵活化的形式,定位的不同会影响到法官自由裁量"逃避"冲突规范指引的程度,不同的灵活化水平主要体现为调整范围和替代标准两方面的差异。援引例外条款,必须同时满足连结点孤立和存在更密切联系两个条件,以保持该机制的例外特性。我国司法实践应借鉴别国运用例外条款的做法,赋予法官排除冲突规范指引的有限自由裁量权。

The self-perfection of traditional conflict rules,such as theoretical precondition,choice-of-law basis,value pursuit and functioning mechanism,establishes the foundation for exception clauses.It is a form of flexibility in bilateral conflicts,of which different orientations determine the extent of discretion for judges to escape conflict rules.Sliding adjusting compass and substitute standard are two criteria to measure the degree of flexibility.To preserve its exceptional nature,both the isolation of connecting factor and the existence of more significant law must be established in invoking the clause. China should adopt an exception clause with restrictive nature in future practice to authorize the judge limited discretion to exclude normal conflict rules.