英国2009年银行法的发展与评价

Development and Evaluation of the UK Banking Act After The Financial Crisis

2007年金融危机暴露出了英国银行法体系中的诸多不足,为弥补制度缺失,应对金融危机,英国制定了2009年《银行法》。这部法律从银行系统性风险监管、危机银行救助、银行破产、存款人保护等多个方面发展了英国银行法律制度。该法确立了银行系统性风险监管领导机构,完善了英格兰银行、金融服务局、财政部在系统性监管方面的协调机制,创建了针对危机银行的"特别解决机制",完善了"金融服务赔偿计划",强化了对存款人的保护,建立了专门针对银行业的破产制度。2009年《银行法》不仅是英国金融法体系中重要的承上启下之法,也是世界范围内政府救助危机银行法制化的先进成果,以及引领银行法理念变革和制度完善的典范,其中的先进立法思想和法律制度可成为我国银行法完善的有益借鉴。

The financial crisis since 2007 exposed numerous weakness of banking act system of UK.In order to cover the shortage and reply the financial crisis,UK enacted the Banking Act 2009.The law develops UK banking legal systems on several aspects,which are the regulation on systematic banking risk,crisis banks rescue,bank insolvency and depositor protection.The law established the leading institution of systematic baking risk, improved the coordination regime among the Bank of England,the Financial Services Authority and the Treasury in relation to the systematic risk regulation,created the " Special Resolution Regime" of the crisis banks,improved the " Financial Services Compensation Scheme",intensified the depositor protection,created the specific insolvency regulation on banking.The Banking Act 2009 is not only the connecting link between UK financial legal system,but also the advanced achievement of legalization on government sending help to banks in the world,and the fine example of guiding the reform of banking act idea and system improvement.The advanced legal thought and legal institution of the Banking Act 2009 are the useful reference to improving banking acts of our country.