中国诉欧盟紧固件案“单独税率”争议评析

The Dispute of Individual Duty:on the Case of European Communities—Definitive Anti-Dumping Measures on Certain Iron or Steel Fasteners from China

《欧盟反倾销基本法》第9.5条通过滥用WTO在非市场经济地位问题上的模糊规定,对非市场经济国家出口企业能否获得单独税率进行"有罪推定"——即存在国家控制,而要求被调查企业反过来证明自己"无罪"。这一做法违背了WTO有关调查机关应对每一个企业确定各自单独倾销幅度的基本义务要求。2010年12月3日WTO专家组就"中国诉欧盟紧固件反倾销措施案"发布裁决报告,通过澄清倾销幅度与反倾销税的关系问题、抽样是否构成《反倾销协定》第6.10条所规定单独税率的唯一例外、能否将国家视为一个"生产者"并统一计算倾销幅度、第6.10条和第9.2条中的"impracticable"一词应如何解释等问题,裁定该条有关单独税率的规定与WTO规则不符。这一裁定将可能迫使欧盟重新审查并修改其反倾销制度,对于中国扭转反倾销调查中因非市场经济地位问题而深受其害的不利局面具有重要意义。

On 3 December 2010,the DSB of WTO published its report on the Dispute "European Communities—Definitive Anti-Dumping Measures on Certain Iron or Steel Fasteners from China"(DS397).By the reasoning of the following four questions, (1) The Scope/Operation of Article 9(5 ) of the Basic AD Regulation;(2 ) whether sampling as described in the second sentence of Article 6.10 constitutes the only exception to the principle laid down in the first sentence;(3 ) whether a State may be seen as a producer unless individual exporters can demonstrate their independence from the State; (4) interpretation of the word "impracticable" under Article 9.2 and 6.10,the panel finally concluded that the European Union acted inconsistently with Articles 6.10 and 9.2 of the AD Agreement with respect to Article 9(5) of the Basic AD Regulation of EU.For a long time the Chinese export enterprises was afflicted by the vague NME rules under antidumping investigation.In a certain extend,this case might change the unfair situation and be think as a gradual victory and a milestone for promotion of justice under a free and rule-oriented multilateral trade system.