美国《外国人侵权法》诉讼中的标的管辖权问题研究——探讨习惯国际法在美国联邦法院的适用

Study on Subject Matter Jurisdiction under the Alien Tort Statute:Research into the Application of Customary International law in U.S.Federal Courts

美国《外国入侵权法》诉讼中首先须处理诉讼标的管辖权问题。根据《外国人侵权法》的规定,美国联邦法院应适用习惯国际法或美国缔结的条约来决定这一问题。目前,《外国入侵权法》诉讼中原告多主张被告违反习惯国际法,因此习惯国际法的适用成为当代美国《外国人侵权法》诉讼中的首要及核心法律问题。

The court’s subject matter jurisdiction should be first decided in the ATS action.According to the Alien Tort Statute,U.S.federal courts should look to customary international law or a treaty of the United States to determine this issue.At present,most plaintiffs in the ATS actions claim that the defendants violated customary international law, thus the primary and key legal issue in U.S.ATS action is the application of customary international law.