国际投资法中间接征收的损害赔偿研究

The Research on the Damages for Indirect Expropriation in International Investment Law

在国际投资仲裁实践中,混合仲裁庭关注的焦点在于案件的法律基础与自身管辖权,相反,很少关注案件的具体损害赔偿问题。间接征收的损害赔偿多采取直接征收损害赔偿的"全有或全无"模式,但是这种模式的运作将会过分保护外国投资者,为此,有必要对此模式进行破旧立新。首先,对于不构成间接征收的东道国管制行为,东道国免于承担任何损害赔偿责任;其次,当东道国行为构成间接征收,则应区分间接征收的合法性与否,并对合法/非法间接征收适用不同赔偿标准;再次,对于免于赔偿性间接征收而言,当东道国行为超过必要限度给投资者造成过分损害时,东道国需要承担相应的赔偿责任;最后,混合仲裁庭在确定间接征收的赔偿数额时,需考虑影响最终数额的相关因素。

In the realm of international investment arbitration practices,the focuses of the mixed tribunals lie in legal basis of special cases and its own jurisdiction,by contrast,the mixed tribunal hardly pay attention to compensation and damages.In the practices of investment arbitration,the damages for indirect expropriation has been dominated by a model named all-or-nothing.Its operation will offer an over-protection for foreign investors,so,it’s necessary to put an end to this model and take a new model. Frankly speaking,Firstly,the host states bear no liability for its measures falling out of indirect expropriation,Secondly,in the context of existence of indirect expropriation, the host states need to distinguish lawful indirect expropriation from unlawful indirect expropriation and apply different compensation standards,Finally,In determining the amount of compensation for indirect expropriation,there are many relevant factors need to be considered by the mixed tribunals for reducing the final amount of damages.