WTO服务贸易国内规制纪律的法经济学分析

Law and Economic Analysis of WTO Domestic Regulation Disciplines for Services Trade

为在服务贸易自由化和成员规制权之间达到平衡,服务贸易国内规制纪律在GATS第6条和诸多区域贸易协议中均有专门规定。然而WTO国内规制谈判举步维艰,美国博彩案引发的国内规制潜在争端解决问题亦面临难题。博弈论分析方法有利于诠释国内规制谈判受阻缘由,探求国内规制纪律谈判出路;在此基础上福利经济学方法可被运用,以论证国内规制争端中GATS第6条第4款必要性测试的合理性。我国服务贸易国内规制时,应充分利用必要性测试"不造成不必要负担"标准,着眼于GATS整体结构寻找政策空间等,通过多种方式维护我国利益。

To reach the balances between the liberalization of trade in services and members’ regulatory right,domestic regulation disciplines of trade in services are spocially provided in Article Ⅵ of GATS and various other regional trade agreements.However,WTO negotiations on domestic regulation are difficult,dispute settlement of domestic regulation as shown in the US-Gambling case is also facing problems.First,the game theory could be utilized to interpret why domestic regulation negotiations have reached an impasse and to explore the possible solution.Second,welfare economics could be adopted to demonstrate the rationality of necessity-test in GATS Article Ⅵ:4 in domestic regulation disputes.Finally,China’s domestic regulation of trade in services could be further improved by utilizing the GATS provision of " not more burdensome than necessary to ensure the quality of the service",among others.