摘要
《联合国贸发会议2012年世界投资报告》认为,将可持续发展原则纳入国际投资协定正在或已经成为国际投资协定内容变迁的重要表现。尽管1985年中国与新加坡双边投资保护协定率先将环境保护问题置入协定的履行要求中,但此后发展缓慢;其他一些国家则从20世纪90年代开始重视投资协定和自由贸易协定中环保条款的设计,逐步形成了序言、履行要求、间接征收、投资争议解决、环保国际合作条款模式。这种做法既反映了可持续发展观的要求,也避免了东道国因采取环境措施而承担间接征收风险。美国2012年双边投资协定范本进一步完善了现有国际投资协定环保条款之不足。虽然我国近几年海外投资加速,但鉴于投资与环保关系的日益密切和可持续发展原则在国际投资政策中的地位,我国也应根据联合国贸发会议制定的"可持续发展投资政策框架",借鉴美国2012年双边投资协定范本,修改和完善中外国际投资协定环保条款。
2012 UNCTAD World Investment Report points out that it is an important phenomenon that the principle of sustainable development is bringing into or has brought into international investment agreements.Although in 1985 the BIT of Singapore and China formulated the environmental protection issue,which has made little progress ever since.However,in 1990 some countries started to attach importance to environmental protection clauses in investment treaties and free trade agreements,developing modes of preface,performance requirements,indirect expropriation,investment dispute settlements,and international cooperation in environmental protection.The modes can reflect the concepts of sustainable development,and these can avoid the host country to bear the obligation of indirect expropriation by environmental measures.2012 US BIT Model has been perfecting the shortages of environmental protection clauses in IIAs.Because many Chinese enterprises are recently speeding to invest abroad,the relationship between investment and environmental protection is very close,and the principle of sustainable development is playing an important role.China should make new Chinese and foreign IIAs consistent with the Investment Policy Framework for Sustainable Development of UNCTAD and 2012 US BIT Model.
出处
《武大国际法评论》
CSSCI
2014年第2期277-296,共20页
Wuhan University International Law Review
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目(批准号:09BFX086)
南京大学“985”三期资助
关键词
IIAs
环保条款
可持续发展
IIAs
environmental protection clauses
sustainable development
