国际海洋法法庭海洋划界第一案评述——兼评自然延伸原则在大陆架划界中的地位

"The Services of General Interest" under European Union Law

在其第一起海洋划界案、同时也是国际社会第一起涉及200海里外大陆架划界案中,国际海洋法法庭对孟、缅两国海洋划界争端所作出的判决中确认了专属经济区和大陆架的单一划界、并明确声称"大陆边外缘"准则构成200海里外大陆架划界的一个"单独和独立标准"。值得注意的是,法庭的上述裁决不仅暗示了单一划界的"国际惯例"地位,并使渊源于地质学客观基础、且获得1982年《海洋法公约》认可的自然延伸原则无法在大陆架划界中取得相应的权利基础地位。毫无疑问,法庭的司法实践可能将会对现行国际海洋利益格局产生某种难以预测的消极后果,因而国际社会需要给予相当的关注。

"Services of general interest"(SGI) has been a European legal term which evolves through the development of EU law.At the beginning of the EU,the concept of SGI was aiming at providing an exception from EU competition law so that the member states can better pursue their public interests.However,as time went by,the meaning of SGI had expanded,especially after the treaty of Amsterdam.The SGI now relates to the notion of ’ EU Citizenship’ and therefore it begins to shift from a negative clause to a compulsory one which should be promoted.This thesis wants to discuss the development tendency of SGI through analyzing the treaty provisions and the case law.And at the same time it will also focuses on distinguishing the different competences between the member states and the Union when implementing the public services.