多边贸易谈判中的粮食安全关切探析——以《巴厘决议》为视角

On Food Security Concerns in the Multilateral Trade Negotiation——From the Perspective of the Bali Decision

粮食安全一直是多哈农业谈判中久议不决、备受争论的议题。2013年,WTO第九届部长会议首次就该议题达成专门协议——《用于粮食安全目的的公共储备决议》。决议以"和平条款"的形式,给予发展中成员粮食公共储备补贴一定的政策灵活性。"和平条款"暂时平衡了各方粮食安全利益之争,但作为一项临时性、过渡性方案,其适用价值有限。因此,WTO未来工作计划要求继续研究粮食安全问题,直至达成永久方案。一系列选择性方案纳入"后巴厘"议程,但方案设计大多聚焦于修改WTO现行规则,给予发展中成员更大的国内支持政策空间。这显然有悖于WTO宗旨,不具有现实可行性。"澄清管理价格与市场价格关系,证明管理价格合格"的方案不仅完全契合现行贸易规则,而且具有经济上的合理性,有利于农业自由贸易与粮食安全目标间的统一,是现有永久性解决方案的最佳选择。

Food security has long been a subject of contention at the Doha agricultural negotiations.A special agreement on the subject — the Decision on Public Stockholding for Food Security Purposes — was reached at the WTO Bali Ministerial Conference in 2013.The decision provided some policy flexibility in pursuance of public stockholding subsidy for food security purposes for the developing members in Peace Clauses,which has temporarily balanced the interests on food security concern among WTO members.However,as a temporary and interim solution,its application value is limited.As a result,the WTO future work programme should pursue to food security issues until a permanent solution was found.A number of possible options have already been put on the table after the Bali agenda.But most of options would be focused on modifying the existing WTO rules to provide more domestic support policies space for developing members,which would be clearly contrary to the WTO aims and not be feasible.The suggestion that clarifies the link between administered prices and market prices and qualifies the administered price is not only consistent with trade rules but also rational economically,conducive to the consistency between the goal of agricultural free trade and the achievement of national objectives in the area of food security.So it would be the best option for a permanent solution.