摘要
1980年海牙《国际司法救助公约》是世界上第一部专门就国际司法救助事项作出规定的国际性条约,其扩大了国际司法救助的适用对象和范围,保障了外国公民的司法权。随着我国公民出国人数的持续增长,加入公约对我国具有现实必要性。根据公约的规定,国际司法救助可归纳为:缔约国的中央机关、转递机关、法院或其他负责机关对于符合条件的外国当事人给予诉讼及承认与执行判决阶段的法律援助,免费转递救助申请和免除认证文件,禁止因外国证人或专家到达缔约国出庭之前的行为进行逮捕和拘留,以及在免除担保、免除逮捕、获得记录和判决书等方面给予国民待遇,以保障其实现法律赋予的权益。对照《公约》和我国现行的法律援助制度,两者在原则上并无巨大的分歧。虽然我国加入《公约》并无实质性障碍,但我国应在统一国际司法救助的概念、衔接法律援助与司法救助的关系和保障国际司法救助的实施三方面进行改进。
Convention of 25 October 1980 on International Access to Justice is the first international convention on the international access to justice worldwide.The convention expands the scope and objects of legal aid,guarantees foreigners’ rights to justice.With the continued growth in the number of people going abroad,it is necessary to ratify the Convention.The Convention covers;central authorities,transmitting authorities,courts and other relevant agencies of contracting states providing legal aid,transmitting international application for free,exempting the application from certification,prohibiting arrest and detention of foreign witnesses and experts because of any act or conviction occurring before his arrival in the state,and providing national treatment on obtaining copies of entries and decisions,exemption from deposit and arrest to qualified foreigners during litigation or recognition or enforcement of foreign judgment.Comparing the provisions of the convention and current Chinese regulations on legal aid,there are no difference in principle.Although China has no substantial obstacles to ratifying the convention,it is necessary to improve by unifying the domestic law concept with the Convention,integrating legal aid with litigation assistance and implementing the system of international access to justice.
出处
《武大国际法评论》
CSSCI
2016年第1期1-21,共21页
Wuhan University International Law Review
关键词
国际司法救助公约
司法救助
法律援助
可行性
Convention on International Access to Justice
access to justice
legal aid
feasibility