“拒绝授惠”条款在国际投资仲裁中的适用及发展

Denial of Benefits Clauses in International Investment Arbitration:Application and Developments

国际投资条约~①中'拒绝授惠'条款通常以抵御跨国投资者的'择约适用'行为为目的。基于《能源宪章条约》和美国为缔约一方的投资条约建立的多个仲裁庭对案中涉及的'拒绝授惠'条款的适用及效果作出了不同的解释。而近年来该条款的缔约实践显示,缔约国更愿以明确、具体以及灵活多变的条约文本增加'拒绝授惠'适用的确定性及东道国管理外资的主动性。中国缔结的一些投资条约也已经纳入了'拒绝授惠'条款,未来缔结的投资条约中可以继续纳入该条款,并以明确的条约文本与'投资者'的定义有机结合,以便于中国政府积极管理外资并有效选择投资条约适用范围。

The denial of benefits clauses in international investment treaties are designed to counteract treaty shopping by investors.A review of recent investment cases reveals that the Energy Charter Treaty-based investment tribunals and the tribunals based on the investment treaties binding on the US draw different conclusions on the denial of benefits clauses’ applicability and effects.Recent treaties shows that drafters would like to employ more certain and detailed treaty texts to reduce its ambiguity and increase the initiative of host countries.Some investment treaties signed by the Chinese Government in recent years have adopted this clause.This article suggests that China government should use more accurate text for the denial of benefit clause combined with proper definition of "investor" to facilitate regulation of foreign investment and determine its applicability.