论对外国民商事案件送达程序的分类审查——基于对我国274份承认与执行裁定书的实证分析

Classification Review on the Service in Foreign Civil and Commercial Cases——Based on an Empirical Analysis of 274 Judgments Made by Chinese Courts

作为一项重要的诉讼程序,送达通常被法院纳入一国承认与执行外国民商事判决的审查范围之中。我国法院在审查外国民商事案件送达程序时,对审查事项、启动方式、审查依据、审查尺度以及裁判文书说理尚未形成统一做法。根据我国缔结加入的国际公约、双边条约、我国民事诉讼法以及最高人民法院的专门性规定和批复,建议对送达程序进行分类审查。首先,将审查事项分为关于送达程序自身合法性和我国公共秩序的两类,并确定优先审查自身合法性的审查顺序。其次,根据两类事项的特点,提出制定审查实施细则的几点建议:一是规范启动程序;二是正确选择审查的法律依据;三是相对统一审查尺度;四是全面且有区分地说明不予承认与执行的理由。

As one of the most important civil procedure systems,service is widely accepted as an element reviewed on by the court addressed to recognize and enforce foreign civil and commercial judgments.When reviewing on the service in foreign cases,there is no consensus among Chinese courts on the issues referred to matters to be reviewed on,starting procedure,basis,standards and explanation in judgments.In terms of the relevant conventions,bilateral treaties,the civil procedure law in China and special provisions and responsive opinions of the Supreme People’s Court,the Chinese courts may adopt classification review on service.Firstly,matters should be classified into two categories:in regard of the own validity of service and in regard of the compliance with fundamental principles of China,and the former should be reviewed preferentially.Then,this thesis presents some suggestions on implementing rules of judicial review as follows:standardize the starting procedure,select the legal basis correctly,standardize the review criteria relatively and explain the refusal reasons in the judgments overall and distinctively.