国际贸易法与国际投资法国民待遇互动关系比较研究

A Comparative Study on Interactions between National Treatment in Trade and Investment

国际贸易法的国民待遇和国际投资法的国民待遇既密切联系,又存在差异。因均起源于非歧视原则,同样追求自由化的目标,二者在准入规则和清单模式上具有相似性。但国际贸易法侧重宏观目标,强调维护竞争以提高经济效率,国际投资法偏重微观目标,着眼于利益平衡以提供投资保护,故在实践中,二者在国民待遇要件构成规则解释上采取不同路径。以历史分析视角切入,结合GATT/WTO及国际投资仲裁实践,兼采条约文本对国际贸易法国民待遇与国际投资法国民待遇的相似性和差异性进行梳理归纳。基于由此反映出的国际贸易法需求平衡的南北矛盾和国际投资法面对的公私冲突,对二者互动模式提出"藤蔓关系"理论,并分析两大体系中国民待遇原则的未来发展趋势及将要应对的挑战。

National treatment in international trade law and that in international investment law are not only closely related but also different from each other. Both of the national treatment obligations originate in non-discrimination principle,and in pursuit of liberalization,leading to their similarities in pre-establishment rules and list models. In comparison,international trade law emphasizes more on macro-objectives,competition and efficiency,while international investment law focuses more on micro-objectives,interest balance and investment protection. In this regard,the two regimes take different approaches in interpreting national treatment in practice.From a historical perspective,the similarities and differences are analysed on basis of treaties as well as GATT/WTO cases and international investment arbitration cases. With respect to the south-north conflict in international trade law and public-private conflict in international investment law reflected in the above analysis,a cirrus model is proposed to describe the interactions of national treatment in the two regimes. In the final,future trends and challenges for national treat-ment in the two regimes are discussed.