WTO改革的形势、焦点与对策

The Situations, Focuses and Responsive Suggestions of WTO Reformation

对WTO进行必要改革已是主要WTO成员的初步共识。对此,各方纷纷提出各自的建议或提案,广泛涉及争端解决、透明度和通报以及WTO规则的现代化。本轮WTO改革针对中国的意图明显,在法律上也存在通过票决方式将中国逐出WTO的可能性,中国应当高度警惕。此外,对于WTO上诉机构可能大概率发生的停摆,中国应有预案。中国可以在力所能及的范围内承担更多与发展中国家相关的义务。对于与中国国内改革大方向一致的贸易新规则议题,中国可以持开放的态度。此外,中国也可以提出自身关注的议题,比如相关贸易规则的滥用和歧视性解释等。

There is a preliminary consensus among WTO Members to carry out necessary reformation of the WTO. Members have provided their proposals or suggestions, which broadly cover dispute settlement, transparency and notification, as well as the modernization of WTO rules. This paper first overviews the situations of the WTO reformation;then summarizes the focuses of the reformation among suggestions and proposals provided by Members;lastly,this paper discusses the responsive suggestions for China to participate in the WTO reformation. Especially, China should be wary that this WTO reformation seems be aimed at China and there is a possibility that China could be expelled from the WTO by voting. In addition, China should have a pre-arranged planning for the stall of the Appellate Body which is very likely to happen by the end of 2019;China could assume more obligations of developing countries within its capacity;and China could be open to the new trade rules, which is in line with China’s domestic reformation. Besides, China could also raise its own concerns in the WTO reformation, for example, the abuses and the discriminatory interpretations of certain WTO rules.