WTO改革背景下发展中国家待遇问题

WTO Reform and the Issue of Special & Differential Treatment

发展中国家待遇问题是当前WTO改革进程中广受关注的焦点之一。从GATT到WTO的历史来看,发展中国家在国际贸易中长期处于劣势和被动地位,经过艰难的谈判和磋商,在GATT和WTO给予发展中国家特殊与差别待遇成为国际社会的共识,但该机制在实践中仍存在诸多问题,与实现贸易秩序的实质公平相去甚远。发展议题是影响WTO改革顺利推进的重要因素,发展中国家的特殊与差别待遇不应被动摇和削弱。下一步改革应明确相关规则的表述,完善对发展中国家的认定规则,注重规则设计的实效性和公平性。发展中国家应客观看待改革过程中可能存在的困难,必要时作出让步,坚持国际合作,注重利益的协调。

Treatment of developing countries is one of the focuses of the current WTO reform. From the history of GATT to WTO, developing countries have long been in a disadvantaged and passive position in international trade.After difficult negotiations and consultations, special and differential treatment for developing countries in GATT and WTO has become the consensus of the international community. However there are still many problems of this mechanism in practice and the world trade is far from achieving the substantive fairness. The issue of development is a key factor affecting the progress of WTO reform and the special and differential treatment of developing countries should not be shaken and weakened. The next step of reform should clarify relevant rules and identification standard of developing countries. The difficulties that may exist in the process of reform should not be ignored, concessions and coordination between developed countries and developing countries is necessary for the ongoing WTO reform.