《塔林手册2.0版》第七章外交和领事法评析

An Analysis in the Tallinn Manual 2.0 Chapter 7 Diplomatic and Consular Law

《网络行动国际法塔林手册2.0版》第七章"外交和领事法",是探索"适用于网络空间国家行为的外交和领事关系国际法"的最新成果。第七章依据现有外交和领事法规范特别是《维也纳外交关系公约》和《维也纳领事关系公约》,对这些规则如何适用于网络空间进行重述,主要包括网络基础设施所在使领馆馆舍和电子档案、文件及通信的不可侵犯性以及外交代表和领事官员的外交特权与豁免三个部分。受限于该手册所运用的"法律类推"方式和对实然法、应然法的态度等原因,该手册第七章规则仍然存在一些不足,从而对该手册的适用和影响力形成一定限制,需要各国在实践中予以澄清和确定并发展有关规则。尽管新领域规则编纂具有复杂性,但是该手册对更加普遍的问题有必要进行进一步规制,而不应过于局限。

The Diplomatic and Consular Law(Chapter 7)of Tallinn Manual 2.0 on the International Law Applicable to Cyber Operations,is the latest achievement in exploring how diplomatic and consular law applicable to acts of the states in cyberspace.As an important attempt to unofficial codification of international law,chapter 7 is based on existing norms of diplomatic and consular law,especially The Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations and The Vienna Convention on Consular Relations.This article mainly includes three parts:(1)the inviolability of premises in which cyber infrastructure is located;(2)the inviolability of electronic archives,documents and correspondence;(3)the diplomatic privileges and immunities of diplomatic representatives and consular officers.Limited by law by analogy method applied in The Manual and its attitude towards the lex lata and lex ferenda,Chapter 7 still has some deficiencies,which will limit the application and influence of Tallinn Manual2.0 to a certain extent.Thus,countries are required to clarify,define and develop relevant rules in practice.Despite the complication of the codification of rules in new areas,it is necessary to further regulate more common problems instead of being too limited.