低覆盖度治沙和工程与生物治沙模式相结合在荒漠化治理中的探索应用

Combining Low Coverage Desertification Control with Engineering and Biological Sand Control Model Exploration and Application in Desertification Management

【目的】低覆盖度治沙是一项荒漠化治理新模式,在实地应用中取得了良好效果有重要的应用价值。但在沙漠中营造防风固沙林首先需要铺设草沙障,目前沙区基本上还是依靠传统的人工压沙来完成,引入机械化固沙的技术手段很有必要,不仅能保证良好的质量效果,还能提高防治效率;工程与生物治沙模式改变了传统的治沙模式,实现了机械装备防沙治沙,加速了荒漠化治理的进程,但在利用植物治沙这方面还有不足之处。为提高草沙障中种植的沙生植物成活率,将两种模式有机的结合在一起,进行新的尝试,有助于发挥各自优势,相得益彰。【方法】先用固沙设备完成草沙障的铺设,在符合本地土壤水分条件的前提下,再在草沙障内营建低覆盖度行带式固沙林,以最佳的组合配置形成科学的防治体系。【结果】根据实测结果进一步进行不同配置规格与方式的组合探索与应用,探索本区域固沙造林的最佳株行距,为本区域的荒漠化防治提供可行实用的方案。【结论】在机械化固沙的基础上,合理科学应用低覆盖度治沙体系营造防风固沙林,在实地结合应用中坚持生态科学性、试验和推广结合、生态与经济效益并重的原则,发挥两种模式的最大优势,提高荒漠地区植被自然修复能力,做好生态环境治理与生态修复工作,实现示范基地周边经济、社会、生态的协调发展,为防沙治沙以及生态环境建设做出更大的贡献。

【Objective】The desertification control with low coverage is a kind of new model,which has achieved good results and important value in field application,but in desert afforestation,grass and sand barriers need to be laid first. At present,the sand area is basically completed by traditional manual sand-pressing. It is necessary to introduce mechanized sand-fi xing technology,which can not only ensure good quality and effi ciency. As a result,it can also improve the efficiency of prevention and control. The model of engineering and biological desertification control has changed the traditional model of desertification control,realized the mechanical equipment of desertification control and accelerated the process of desertifi cation control,but there are still some unscientifi c aspects in the use of plant desertifi cation control. In order to improve the survival rate of sandy plants planted in grassland sand barriers,the organic combination of the two modes and a new attempt will help to give full play to their respective advantages and complement each other.【Method】Firstly,the grass sand barrier was laid with sand-fi xing equipment,and then a low coverage belt sand-fi xing forest was constructed in the grass sand barrier under the premise of local moisture,so as to form a scientifi c prevention and control system with the best combination.【Result】According to the measured results,the combination exploration and application of different allocation specifi cations and modes were further carried out,and the optimal spacing of trees and rows for sand fi xation afforestation in this region was explored,which provided a feasible and practical scheme for desertifi cation control in this region.【Conclusion】On the basis of mechanized sand fi xation,the low coverage sand control system should be rationally and scientifi cally applied to construct wind-proof and sand-fi xing forests. In the fi eld application,the principle of combining ecological scientifi city,experiment and extension,and paying equal attention to both ecological and economic benefi ts should be adhered to. The maximum advantages of the two models should be brought into play to improve the ability of natural restoration of vegetation in desert areas,and the work of ecological environment control and ecological restoration should be We will achieve coordinated economic,social and ecological development around the demonstration base and make greater contributions to desertifi cation control and ecological environment construction.