立足当代 面向未来——“中国舞蹈高等教育学术大会”的视点

Stand at Present, Look to the Future:On the Views Proposed at the Dance Academic Conference on Contemporary-based and Future-oriented Dance Higher Education in China

本文通过回顾"立足当代面向未来—一中国舞蹈高等教育学术大会",梳理来自海内外近40家舞蹈院校的专家学者在会议上所阐述的主要观点,管窥目前中国高等舞蹈学科建设关注的主要话题,就舞蹈学科建设的根本性问题进行思考。首先,加强舞蹈学科整体建设,提升学术自觉,是此次大会部分专家所强调的观点。其次,对于学科的概念及其内涵,舞蹈教育界虽然有所认识,但仍不清晰,无形中加剧了舞蹈理论研究与舞蹈创作表演实践的各自分立甚至对立。再次,专业和学科之间的关系虽然受到舞蹈教育领域的关注,但还有待清晰认知。最后,舞蹈艺术人才培养的全面性和多样性受到较多的重视,因而,学科建设的优秀成果则是专业发展、人才的学养和教育内涵质量的根本保障。

The Dance Academic Conference on the Contemporarybased and Future-oriented Dance Higher Education in China was held by Shanghai Theater Academy in late 2015. The conference converged nearly 40 Chinese and foreign dance institutions. The attendees have a common understanding:the discipline construction of Chinese dance has a relatively weak basis compared with other disciplines. It is due to the weakness of the research of the basic subjects and that the dance performing and choreography have long been confined within the 'practical' level, which obscures the importance of academic research. In turn, the idea of valuing practice over research restricts the development of dance performing and creation. Issues such as the relationship between discipline and major have not been explored deeply so far. Due to the uniqueness of the art of dance,the discipline is based on practice, an organized knowledge system on the basis of the physical form and expressive form. It is the cultural connotation of the representation of the artistic form as well as the supporting knowledge system and connotation of teaching system-namely, the 'laws of dance.' Therefore, for the art of dance, what are the 'laws of dance' within the field of dance? Taking dance performing as an example, the knowledge system of the discipline shall include dance movement analysis theory, dance culture,dance history(aesthetics, ethnology, folklore, anthropology,and other supporting knowledge), and dance performing theory.What is the relationship between dance major and dance discipline? Dance discipline is the top-level design of the education system, while dance major refers to the field of social occupation. From the perspective of cultivating talents for the society, the function of the discipline is indirect. In terms of the problems from the direction of the major to the specific training process, discipline construction is irreplaceable. Therefore, major cannot be confused with discipline, and substituting major construction with discipline construction will inevitably weaken the construction of specific content for the academic major. Sometimes, the areas of discipline overlap the areas of major, and sometimes they can be combined and integrated. For example, the classification of the disciplines of Beijing Dance Academy makes the disciplinary areas and major areas overlap.It cannot say that it has nothing to do with the refining classification of Beijing Dance Academy on fostering talents.It also has an immediate connection with the developing process and discipline accumulation of Beijing Dance Academy.But it does not mean that the disciplines setting and the classifying standards of Beijing Dance Academy apply to all the other art institutions.The construction of dance discipline mainly focuses on two perspectives: the research of dance practice and the research of dance theory. The fundamental of the discipline construction of dance study is to solve the following three questions: What is dance? How to dance? And how to study dance? On the status quo of the national dance discipline construction, the author regards that one of the reasons why the construction of dance disciplines is weak is that the 'laws of dance' have not been established completely. Though there are outstanding achievements in the areas such as historical research and aesthetic research,the basic theoretical research has little innovation, which will eventually result in that a great quantity of our theoretical research cannot guide the practice, and there is no channel to align with the practice of dance major. Over time, it has formed the current status that the dance major and discipline contradict each other in the higher education institutions.At the end of 2015 at the 'Dance Academic Conference on the Contemporary-based and Future-oriented Dance Higher Education in China' hosted by Shanghai Theater Academy, many experts of the dance community delivered important speeches on discipline construction and major construction. They mentioned repeatedly on one perspective, 'academic self-consciousness.' The subparty secretary and vice president of Chinese Dancers Association, Professor LUO Bin said, 'Since the research of Chinese dance history lacks its own methodology and the dance research material is incomplete, the development of Chinese dance theory falls behind the development of dance practice and the authenticity of the study of dance history is at stake. In order to restore history, Chinese dance should develop the discipline construction scientifically, and a study should be thoroughly taken so that the theory can be applied.' Professor WANG Wei, the vice president of Beijing Dance Academy, put forward, 'We should establish a new connection between theory and practice in a new level. Theory should be from teaching practice, and teaching practice can verity theory.'At the conference, another mentioned topic was to 'foster the all-around dance talents.' The director of dance of Trinity Laban Conservatoire of Music and Dance, Professor Mirella Bartrip introduced that 'the multidimensional and scientific curriculum not only promotes the theoretical progress of the students but also develops the technical ability, so as to ensure the students to be the more comprehensive and creative dance practitioners with critical thinking.' In the process of achieving this new goal of talent training,the quality of the faculty, the re-integration of curriculum,etc., are inseparable from the discipline construction.The achievements of discipline construction ensure the knowledge and connotation of the development of the majors.