中国舞专项体能训练现状分析

Issues Concerning Physical Readiness Training for Chinese Dance Majors

舞蹈专业的体能训练,影响着舞蹈演员和学生的演艺生命,因为较高水准的体能训练,有助于舞蹈艺术和技术水平的提升,并帮助舞蹈演员和学生预防各种运动损伤。因此,在中国舞的教育和人才培养中,应该重视中国舞表演者的体能特点及其专项体能训练,全面掌握中国舞专项体能训练的科学的训练方法和手段,培养优秀的舞者,以适应中国精神文明建设对中国舞人才培养的要求。本文通过现状调查、分析研究和经验总结,为中国舞专项体能训练的科学化建设提供经验。

Amid the rapid development of dance in China, it is an urgent task for Chinese dance performers to improve their skills and physical readiness at the same time in order to give satisfactory performances at a higher frequency and intensity. In this context, a higher level of physical training is a precondition to improve the art and techniques of Chinese dance, as well as an effective way to protect dancers from injury. Given the importance of physical readiness to Chinese dancers, we must fully understand the characteristics and master scientific methods of specific physical training for Chinese dance majors to improve the outcome of dance education, which is critical for meeting the demand for dance talent development in the drive to build spiritual civilization in China.One problem that must be addressed is that theoretical research lags behind the progress and innovation of Chinese dance in the new era and falls short of the need for its development. To some extent, the issue restricts the development of Chinese dance. At present, research efforts in the area of Chinese dance focus on teaching and culture, as well as performance grading, while research on physical training is limited or even blank, especially in the content and methods of training. In consequence,the current training programs cannot cultivate performers with all-round abilities, which ultimately harms the development of Chinese dance to some extent. Based on a survey of Chinese dance majors of Shanghai Dance School and Beijing Dance Academy, and through an analysis of the findings, this paper aims to address the problems concerning physical training for Chinese dancer. Hopefully, this paper will lead to a content index system that facilitates physical training for Chinese dance majors and a shift in the methods for physical training, which will improve the physical fitness and performance of Chinese dance performers.This paper starts with time allocation and load design for physical training in dance teaching, and then examines the exercises for improving body shape, flexibility, speed, strength, endurance and agility. The paper provides an overview of the characteristics of current physical training for Chinese dancer majors. First, the paper focuses on body shape, flexibility, relative strength and skills. Although the need to improve students’ physical readiness has been highly recognized by Chinese dance teachers, time allocation and content arrangement are not very reasonable or scientific, lacking professional and specific courses to develop specific qualities. Second, it introduces the main method used in physical training for Chinese dances. Generally, the current teaching methods are continuous, repetitive, and circular, while innovative physical training is inadequate and training approaches have not been used holistically. Third, the methods for developing special physical fitness of Chinese dance majors are mostly conventional methods popular in the 20 th century, lacking innovation, making the training system of specific physical readiness for Chinese dance defective. Last but not least, the content and methods of special physical fitness development have been designed to suit special technical needs, but the lack of theoretical knowledge has weakened the performance of physical training.Based on the above analysis, the paper gives three recommendations. The first is to increase awareness of special physical training. Students must understand the importance of physical fitness for dance training, performance, and competition as well as the importance of basic physical training to enhance dancers’ psychological preparedness. The second is to design and offer improved specific physical training courses. Time allocated to physical training must be increased while the content of physical training must be updated and made more comprehensive. The third is to apply innovative methods of training. Considering the various characteristics of students, personalized and innovative training methods must be adopted to help future dancers acquire balanced physical fitness. Fourth, the physical fitness training system must adapt to the characteristics and requirements of Chinese dance. In both theory and practice, physical fitness training for Chinese dance performers must be updated.In short, physical training is critical to the professional development of dancers and future dancers, because physical readiness is key to dance performance and a high level of physical training helps dancers and students prevent various injuries. Therefore, in order to further develop the art of Chinese dance and nurture dancers in the context of the new era, special attention must be paid to the physical characteristics and physical training of Chinese dancers through scientific methods and course design.