翱翔在“南方丝绸之路”上的傣族孔雀舞——云南德宏傣族景颇族自治州瑞丽傣族孔雀舞个案调研

Ethnic Dai Peacock Dance: An Ethnic Pride on the “Southern Silk Road”A Case Study of Ethnic Dai Peacock Dance in Ruili City of Dehong Ethnic Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan

半个多世纪以来,傣族孔雀舞对世界民族舞蹈做出的杰出贡献和取得的辉煌成就,催生了不断升温的"孔雀舞热""孔雀舞效应""孔雀舞现象",扩大了中国少数民族传统舞蹈在国内外的文化影响力,激励了数万傣族民众对本民族舞蹈艺术传统的珍惜和热爱,提升了民族文化自信心。本文通过对四位"非遗"传承人进行抢救性的深度采访考察,综合历史文献、神话传说、艺人口述、师承关系梳理,以及艺人传统套路、艺术风格、特殊技艺等诸方面的探讨,大致廓清了瑞丽傣族传统民间孔雀舞前世今生的演进和发展足迹。在孔雀舞数百年的传承中,傣族民间艺人们秉承自我发展创新的基因,既继承了孔雀舞的原真血脉,又调动和发挥了艺人个人的造美智慧张力,使孔雀舞挥发出一种带有神圣性、权威性的无形感召力,充分展示出傣族文化所具有的文化包容性、开放性和生命力。这亦决定了傣族孔雀舞既是传统的,也必然是当代的!

For more than half a century, Ethnic Dai's peacock dance has enjoyed a distinguished position among folk dances in the world; it is always a highly appreciated cultural phenomenon. The popularity of Ethnic Dai's peacock dance has not only made this ethnic group famous, but also expanded the cultural influence of the traditional dance of Yunnan as a whole. It has most notably made Ethnic Dai people proud of their ancestors and their traditional culture. This paper tries to reveal the path of evolution and current development of this folk dance through in-depth interviews with four Ethnic Dai peacock dancers who are also intangible cultural heritage inheritors of Ruili City, and based on literature and folklore survey, narration of artists and artist genealogy, as well as a review of its traditional paradigm, artistic style, special skills and other aspects of performance.