唐太宗民部尚书戴胄墓壁画的揭取保护

The Detaching and Preservation of the Murals in the Tomb of Dai Zhou,the Minbu Shangshu in the Reign of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty

2014年10月至12月,西安市文物保护考古研究院在西安市常宁新区雅居乐花园住宅小区建设工地内发掘清理了一座唐太宗民部尚书戴胄墓。壁画绘制于墓道、天井和墓室土壁上,无地仗层,包括拄剑武士、佩剑男侍、带幞头男侍、女伎乐图等内容。文物保护人员经过壁画结构分析、病害调查、温湿度监测、土壤分析等壁画本体分析及环境调查后,结合文献资料,筛选出了框套法和胶布粘取法两种壁画揭取方法,并实施揭取保护。此外,本文还对壁画绘制技法和揭取方法做了初步讨论,认为绘制过程采用了细木条等某种硬物作为起稿工具,凹线痕迹为壁画底层未干透即起稿留下的痕迹;壁画揭取时应注意在尊重传统方法的基础上引进成熟的新材料和工艺,并尽快实施室内修复。

In October to December 2014, Xi'an Municipal Institute of Cultural Heritage Conservation and Archaeology excavated a tomb of the Tang Dynasty in the construction site of the Yajule Garden Residential Community in Changning New District, Xi'an City. This tomb is that of Dai Zhou, who was the shangshu (Minister) of Minbu (Ministry of Revenue) in the reign of Emperor Taizong. The tomb had murals on the walls of the passage, ventilating shafts and tomb chamber. All of these murals were painted on the earthen walls without bases, and the motifs were guards leaning on the sword, servants bearing swords, servants wearing futou-headgear and scene of female musicians performing, and so on. The cultural relics preservation workers made the internal analyses of the murals, such as the structural analysis, disease survey, temperature and humidity testing, soil analysis and so on, and external analyses such as the environmental investigation, and then selected two methods--the big coffer casing and glue sticking--to detach the murals with the reference of the previous data. Moreover, this paper discussed the painting skills and detaching methods, suggesting that the sketch was made with twigs or other ifne and hard pointed objects, because there were sunken outlines on the walls;successfully-used new materials and techniques should be applied in the detaching of the murals based on the respecting of the traditional methods, and the laboratory work of restoration should be carried out as soon as possible.