健康在吸烟决策中的作用分析

Analysis on the Role of Health in Smoking Decision Making

目的:了解健康在人们的吸烟行为决策中发挥的作用,从而为控烟健康教育提供有价值的建议。方法:运用行为经济学理论,分析吸烟者的健康效用判断机制,从而明确健康在不同吸烟阶段所发挥的作用。结果:吸烟者在开始吸烟阶段,由于获取的信息不够充分,通常会根据"拇指法则",凭借快速得到的信息,或是最先想到的东西,形成判断并作出决策,此时信息获取方式是影响人们决策的关键因素。而到吸烟上瘾阶段,吸烟者获取的信息相对丰富,往往通过期望效用进行决策,此时,时间对效用的影响更为突出。结论:健康在不同的阶段对吸烟决策的影响是不同的,其作用机制也存在很大差异,在开始吸烟阶段和上瘾之前对吸烟者开展控烟健康教育,其效果可能优于上瘾之后。

Objective:To understand the role of health in people' s smoking behavior decision,so as to provide valuable suggestions for health education on smoking control.Methods:Using the behavior economics theory to analyze the health utility judgment mechanism of the smoker,and clear the function of health in different smoking stages.Results:At the start stage of smoking,due to the insufficient access to information,smokers usually form judgments and decisions by virtue of rapid information or first think things according to the 'rule of thumb'.Meanwhile,the information acquisition were key factors to influence the decisions.At the smoking addiction stage,the information obtained was relatively rich,smokers often make decisions through the expected utility,at the same time,the effect of time was more prominent.Conclusion:The impacts of health in smoking decision were different in different stages and their mechanism were also of great difference.At the start stage of smoking and before smoking addiction stage,health education on smoking control was more usable.