西藏阿里札达县译师殿壁画年代及相关问题——兼论古格故城坛城殿和托林寺杜康殿壁画题记与年代

The Date of the Murals of the Lotsaba Lhakhang in Riba Village, Zanda County,Ngari Prefecture of TAR and Relevant Issues——Also on the Inscriptions and Dates of the Murals of Kyil-khor Lhakhang in Tsaparang and Dukhang of Tholing Monastery

西藏阿里壁画独树一帜,具有重要的艺术、历史和宗教价值,但其创作年代一直困扰着学界。文章从札达县日巴村译师殿的壁画题记入手,结合文献,首次对供养人题记进行研究,考证出其中两位主要人物为古格国王释迦沃和洛桑饶丹,认为该殿壁画绘制于1476～1481年。同时,对古格故城坛城殿壁画相同供养人物题记进行了讨论,首次指出其中的世俗人物也是古格王洛桑饶丹,认为该殿壁画创作于1460～1470年。最后,对托林寺杜康殿名字相同的供养人题记及佛殿壁画的创作年代进行了梳理,为阿里地区现存同一风格壁画的断代提供了有益参考。

Ngari Prefecture of the Tibet Autonomous Region is famous for its unique murals,which have significant artistic,historical and religious values;however,the dates of the creations of them are always confusing the academic field.Starting from the analysis to the inscription of the murals of the Lotsaba Lhakhang(Translator′s Hall)located at Riba Village in Zanda County,Ngari Prefecture,with the reference of historical works,this paper studies the inscriptions of the sponsors for the first time,and identified that two of the main characters among them were?akya A′od and Losang Rapten,who were two of the kings of the ancient Guge Kingdom;by this conclusion,this paper suggests that the murals of this hall were painted around 1476-1481.Meanwhile,this paper discusses the inscriptions of the same sponsors in the murals of the Kyil-khor Lhakhang(Mandala Hall)at the site of the capital of ancient Guge Kingdom,and points out that the secular figure among them was also Losang Rapten,a king of the ancient Guge Kingdom,and suggests that the murals of this hall were painted around 1460-1470.Finally,this paper trims the dates of the inscriptions with same sponsors′names and the painting of the murals of Dukhang of the Tholing Monastery,which provides favorable references for the chronology of the murals with the same style extant in Ngari Prefecture.